2015
Activités antimicrobiennes et antioxydantes des extraits aqueux totaux des fruits de Dialium corbisieri et Dialium gossweilerii(Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae), consommés par les bonobos, Bolobo, République Démocratique du Congo
Ulrich MALOUEKI1*, Jimmy KAPETSHI2, Ngandu Odette KABENA1, Kumugo Simon-Pierre NDIMBO1, Koto-te-Nyiwa Jean-Paul NGBOLUA1, Nseu Bekeli MBOMBA1 et Crispin-Désiré Musuyu MUGANZA3
1Université de Kinshasa, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Biologie, B.P. 190, KIN XI, RD Congo.
2Université de Kinshasa, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Microbiologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, B.P. 834, KIN XI, RD Congo.
3Université de Kinshasa, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Département de Chimie Médicinale et Pharmacognosie, B.P. 212, KIN XI, RD Congo.
*Auteur correspondant ; E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
; Tel: (+243) 991 581 045.
RESUME
L’écologie alimentaire de certains animaux suggèrerait une possible utilisation de plantes à des fins thérapeutiques. Les observations comportementales du bonobo (Pan paniscus) menées in situ, ont révélé la similitude d’utilisation de ces plantes par les populations locales Téké de Bolobo en République Démocratique du Congo. L’analyse phytochimique qualitative des extraits totaux aqueux des fruits de Dialium corbisieri Staner et Dialium gossweilerii Bak. a révélé la présence d’alcaloïdes, d’anthocyanes, de flavonoïdes, de saponosides, des sucres réducteurs et de tanins catéchiques. La meilleure activité antimicrobienne de disque de diffusion sur milieu Mueller-Hinton agar a été observée avec les extraits de D. gossweilerii à la dose de 100 µg avec des diamètres de zones d’inhibition pour Escherichia coli (11 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (10 mm) et Candida albicans (10 mm) comparativement aux extraits de D. corbisieri qui n’ont présenté aucun effet inhibiteur sur ces germes. Lesquels extraits ont relevé aussi un fort potentiel antioxydant par le radical DPPH de l’ordre de 14,44 µg.ml-1 et plus faibles pour D. gossweilerii (CI >500 µg.ml-1). Certains fruits que consomment les bonobos contiendraient des principes actifs susceptibles d’occuper une place de choix dans la médecine moderne contre nombreuses pathologies.
Mots clés : Panpaniscus, Dialium spp.,a biologiques, zoopharmacognosie.
Relationship between the standing vegetation, soil properties and soil seed bank of an industrially degraded vegetation of Iron Smelting Factory
Olusanya Abiodun OLATUNJI*, Samson Olajide OKE, Emmanuel Funminiyi ISOLA, Damilare S. AKINYEMI and Ademayowa Adenike OMODARA
Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile- Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
* Corresponding author, E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
This study assessed the floristic composition, soil properties and the soil seedbank of the vegetation around the Iron smelting factory. This was with a view to determining the functional role played by soil chemical composition and the seed bank in the modifications of vegetation patterns. Five 100 m × 5 m plots were selected from the study site; vegetation, soil seed bank and some soil chemical parameters were assessed. One-way Analysis of Variance and Duncan multiple range tests were employed for data analysis. The results showed that the soil samples collected were slightly basic (or neutral) with the total Nitrogen in all the five plots ranged from 0.22 to 0.33%. There was a little contribution by woody species to the floristic composition of both the standing vegetation and soil seed bank. There was very low similarity (10.6% - 28.57%) between the standing vegetation and the soil seed bank species composition in the study site. The results of seedling emergence showed that herbaceous species dominated the soil seed bank compared to other life forms. Our result revealed a shift between seed-bank and vegetation composition which could be a consequence of the soil chemical properties and also as a result of different level of disturbance occurring due to the citing of industry in the area.
Keywords: Emergence, nutrient cycling, regeneration, soil properties, soil seed bank, standing vegetation.
Geographical distribution and prevalence of the main tomato fungal wilt diseases in Benin
Rachidatou SIKIROU1*, Vincent EZIN2, Feston BEED2,3, Sètondji Alban Paterne ETCHIHA AFOHA1, Félicien Dji-ndé TOSSO4 and Franck OUESSOU IDRISSOU1
1Laboratoire de Défense des Cultures, Centre de Recherches Agricoles d’Agonkanmey,
Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB), 01 BP 884 Cotonou, Bénin.
2International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, BP 08932, Cotonou, Bénin.
3AVRDC- The World Vegetable Center, 4th Floor, Research & Development Building, Kasetsart University Bangkhen, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Mailing address: P.O. Box 1010 (Kasetsart), Bangkok 10903, Thailand.
4Laboratory of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Bénin.
*Corresponding author, E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
, Tel.: +229 97882620
ABSTRACT
Tomato is one of the most economically important vegetable crops in Benin and its production represents more than 51% of the total production of vegetable crops. The ecological peculiarity of its farming exposes it to diseases and pests. Tomato wilt constitutes the major phytosanitary constraint for its production. To identify the causal agents, a survey was carried out across the 12 departments of Benin. Three districts were selected per department and three villages in each district were surveyed. Two farmer’s fields were visited per village where five diseased plants were collected per field. Three pathogens identified from the samples collected in the diseased fields: Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and F. solani. Pathogenicity test conducted for each of the isolated pathogens was positive. The symptoms observed in greenhouse were exactly the same as those recorded in the field. The prévalence of tomato wilting recorded in farmer’s fields varies from 0.1% to 27% for S. rolfsii, from 3% to 20% for F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, and from 1% to 3% for F. solani. The most disseminated and most devastating pathogen was S. rolfsii. F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and F. solani were less disseminated and less devastating pathogens.
Keywords: Tomato, fungal wilts, incidence, distribution, Bénin.
Cotyledon persistence and seedling growth in flutedPumpkin (Telfairia occidentalisHook. F.)
Ayobola Moninuola Abosede SAKPERE1*, Sunday Adesola AJAYI2 and Adekunle Ajayi ADELUSI1
1Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile – Ife, Nigeria.
2Department of Crop Production and Protection, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile – Ife, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author, E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
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; Tel: 234 803 403 3610
ABSTRACT
Photosynthetic activity of exposed cotyledons of Telfairia occidentalis during seed germination and the growth of seedlings with removed or attached cotyledons were investigated. The experiment investigated how early cotyledon removal affects seedling growth. Seedlings from seeds germinated in light and those germinated in the dark were compared four weeks after germination. The effects of removal of cotyledons on seedling growth were also investigated with cotyledons removed at different times and from different seed sizes in order to assess the effect of time of removal and seed sizes on seedling growth. Biomass accumulation of the different plant parts, number of leaves and root/shoot ratio were used to assess the relative importance of cotyledon photosynthesis and cotyledon storage reserves to seedling growth. The cotyledons which are predominantly for storage were found to have a minimal photosynthetic function. Telfairia seedling biomass was significantly reduced (P<0.05) by removal of the cotyledon. Seed size and morphotype influenced the effect of cotyledon removal on seedling growth. The time of cotyledon removal affected all growth parameters negatively with greatest effect on removal at the first week of growth. Cotyledon reserves support seedling growth of Telfairia occidentalis, and ability to cope with loss of cotyledon is affected by factors such as seed size, morphotype and time of removal.
Keywords: Storage reserves, cotyledon removal, hypogeal, morphotype, Telfairia occidentalis.
Effect of planting date on growth and grain yield of fonio millet (Digitaria exilis Stapf) in the Southeast of Senegal
Moustapha GUEYE1*, Ghislain KANFANY2,3, Amadou FOFANA2, Mamadou GUEYE4, Kandioura NOBA5 and John Hamman GROVE6
1Centre de Recherches Zootechniques de Kolda, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, ISRA/CRZ Kolda, BP 53 Kolda, Sénégal.
2Centre National de Recherches Agronomiques de Bambey, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, ISRA/CNRA, BP 211 Bambey, Sénégal.
3 West Africa Center for Crop Improvement, University of Ghana, PMB 30, Accra, Ghana.
4Académie Nationale des Sciences et Techniques du Sénégal, BP 4344 Dakar RP, Dakar, Sénégal.
5 Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005 Fann-Dakar, Sénégal.
6Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091, USA.
*Corresponding author, E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
; Tel: (+221) 77 617 55 27
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was carried out during the rainy cropping seasons of 2010 and 2011 in Southeastern Senegal. The study aimed at investigating the effects of sowing dates on plant growth and grain yield of fonio millet (Digitaria exilis Stapf). Seven planting times (from early July to mid August with 7-day interval) were laid out in a randomized complete block design. In general, plant growth and grain yield were significantly better for the early July sowing dates compared to other sowing dates. However, tillering capacity and grain size were not influenced by the sowing date. Highest grain yields were obtained on 15-July planting date with an average of 1,111 kg ha-1 in 2010 and 1,269 kg ha-1 in 2011. Compared to this planting date, the delay in sowing reduced grain yield by 50% in 2010 and 87% in 2011. Detrimental high rains to seedling vigor, decreasing sunshine during the plant growth, and rain deficit during the reproductive phase were among the main limiting factors for late sowings. Hence, the first fortnight of July could be recommended as optimal sowing period for early maturing cultivars of fonio in Southeastern Senegal.
Key words: Fonio, Digitaria exilis, sowing date, growth, yield, Senegal.
